The last coordinate, z along the beam direction, is given by the drift time.
2.
Where x and y are the coordinates in the plane transverse to the nominal beam direction.
3.
The method tracks independently of the beam directions, and can thus track in two dimensions.
4.
Magnetic field lines of an idealized quadrupole field in the plane transverse to the nominal beam direction.
5.
That way the beam tends to follow equipotentials and the deflection force is normal to the beam direction.
6.
Here, we have assumed a spherical coordinate system in which the-axis is aligned with the beam direction.
7.
Wedges have the disadvantage of both translating and bending the beam direction paths will no longer lie on convenient rectangular coordinates.
8.
Lateral displacement perpendicular to the beam direction is ? ( y, z ), and ? is the total angular deviation after the penetrated depth x
9.
Perhaps the largest of these is the use of forward scattered light, which is orders of magnitude brighter than scattering oriented normal to the beam direction.
10.
Due to the high velocity of the particles, and the resulting Lorentz force for magnetic fields, adjustments to the beam direction are mainly controlled by dispersion effects.
मोबाइल